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PLS-00231: Function may not be used in SQL

What it means

A function used in SQL is private to the package body or has a non-SQL type.

How to fix it

Declare the function in the package specification and use SQL types (12c: or a WITH FUNCTION).

Catch it before it runs

ORA Error Helper
Explains ORA-/PLS- codes inside JetBrains IDEs and DataGrip.
PL/SQL Lint
Flags risky PL/SQL patterns while you type.
Oracle Plan Reader
Reads execution plans and points at the slow step.
PL/SQL in Practice
Kindle book with practical PL/SQL for working developers.

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Updated 2026-11-12.