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ORA-00905: Missing keyword

What it means

A required keyword is missing in the clause, for example CASE without THEN/END, INTO missing in MERGE, or ON missing in a join.

How to fix it

Compare the clause with the syntax diagram; check CASE ... WHEN ... THEN ... END and MERGE INTO ... USING ... ON (...) WHEN MATCHED THEN UPDATE SET.

Catch it before it runs

ORA Error Helper
Explains ORA-/PLS- codes inside JetBrains IDEs and DataGrip.
PL/SQL Lint
Flags risky PL/SQL patterns while you type.
Oracle Plan Reader
Reads execution plans and points at the slow step.
PL/SQL in Practice
Kindle book with practical PL/SQL for working developers.

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Updated 2026-11-12.